تأثیر رسانه‌ها و عامل‌های مؤثر بر مشارکت بهره‌برداران طرح های آبخیزداری در شهرستان های تکاب و شاهین دژ استان آذربایجان‌غربی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری، دفتر ارتباطات علمی و همکاری های بین المللی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 دکتری، عضو هیأت علمی سازمان تحقیقات آموزش وترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 دکتری، عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی علوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه وهدف
عامل اصلی نابودی، فرسایش و تغییر منابع‌طبیعی، آگاهی نداشتن بهره ­برداران از اهمیت این منابع است. بنابراین باید برنامه ­های توسعه‌ی روستایی را برای حفظ و احیاء منابع‌طبیعی، از تولید محوری به‌سوی مدیریت مشارکتی روستاییان سوق داد. برای اصلاح و تغییر رفتاری یکی از عامل‌های اصلی، تغییر باور جامعه‌ی روستایی است، زیرا بیشتر آحاد مردم بر این باورند که حفظ و مراقبت از منابع‌طبیعی کشور جزو وظایف و اختیارهای حاکمیتی است. در حالی که بررسی‌ها نشان داده است که افزون بر این که برخی از مداخله‌های حاکمیتی در این راستا کارآمد نبوده، بلکه پاره‌ای از اقدام‌ها در جهت نابودی این منابع بوده است. از آنجایی که توسعه‌ی منابع انسانی از اصل‌های اولیه‌ی مدیریت مشارکتی به‌شمار می­رود، و مدیریت مشارکتی در جامعه‌های روستایی در سطح مطلوب و اثر گذار زمانی اجرا می‌شود که بتوان با توسعه‌ی آموزش، شکاف بین نسل گذشته و جوان روستایی را در زمینه‌ی داشتن آگاهی و رفتار مناسب با منابع‌طبیعی و نحوه‌ی اجرای مدیریت مشارکتی از بین برد. اولین گام، توسعه و ارتقاء آگاهی و دانش منابع­ انسانی از روش آموزش با هدف تغییر در رفتار، بینش و مهارت­ های فردی است. از این ‌رو با توجه به محدودیت­ های موجود در زیرساخت­ های روستایی و دسترسی اندک روستاها به امکانات آموزشی و ارتباطی روز، انتقال اطلاعات، دانش و مهارت به روستاییان با استفاده از رسانه ­ها به‌ویژه رسانه­ های آموزشی- ترویجی، یکی از مهم­ترین اقدام‌های توسعه ­ای در این زمینه است.
مواد و روش‌ها
در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش پیمایشی و اسنادی اندازه‌ی مشارکت ساکنان آبخیز‌های استان آذربایجان‌غربی (تکاب و شاهین‌دژ) در طرح­ های آبخیزداری بررسی ‌‌شد و مهم‌ترین عامل‌های تأثیرگذار بر آن مشخص شد. نمونه ­ها با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه­ ای انتخاب شد و ابزار اصلی جمع­ آوری داده ­ها، پرسش‌نامه بود. روایی صوری پرسش‌نامه به‌وسیله‌ی متخصصان ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی و کارشناسان آبخیزداری تأیید شد و پایایی آن با استفاده از آلفای کرون باخ ٨٢% برآورد شد.
نتایج و بحث
تجزیه ‌و تحلیل وایازی (رگرسیون) چند متغیره با روش توأم نشان داد که درآمد، تحصیلات و اندازه‌ی استفاده از رسانه ­ها، مهم­ترین عامل‌های اثرگذار در مشارکت مردمی بود. همچنین تأثیر رسانه­ ها با اندازه‌ی مشارکت فعال بهره‌برداران در طرح­ های آبخیزداری رابطه‌ی مثبت و معنی‌داری داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری وپیشنهادها
براساس نتایج این پژوهش، استفاده از جوانان تحصیل‌کرده روستایی برای تولید، نشر یا استفاده از رسانه ­ها می­ تواند کمک قابل‌توجهی به افزایش مشارکت روستاییان در طرح‌های آبخیزداری داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Influence of the Media and Effective Factors on the Participation of Users of Watershed Management Projects in Tekab and Shahindej Cities of West Azarbaijan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aliashraf Hamedi Ogholbeyk 1
  • Mohammad Reza Galenoei 2
  • Fatemeh Azizabadi Farahani 3
1 PhD. Academic Relations and International Affairs, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D., Faculty Member of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
3 Ph.D., faculty Member of Tehran Islamic Azad University of Science and Research
چکیده [English]

Introduction and Objective
Lack of awareness of rural people is the main factor in the destruction, erosion, and change of natural resources. Therefore, rural development programs should be pushed towards participatory management to preserve and restore natural resources. Modification and change of behavior is done when the beliefs of the rural community change. Most people believe that preserving natural resources is one of the duties and powers of governments. But the fact is that sometimes these interventions have been destructive. Since the development of human resources is one of the basic principles in participatory management, And participatory management in rural communities is implemented at an optimal and effective level when the gap between the past generation and the rural youth can be resolved by developing education in the field of awareness regarding the correct handling of natural resources. the first step is to develop and improve the awareness and knowledge of human resources through a change in behavior, attitude, and individual skills. The infrastructural limitations of villages and their limited access to education and communication facilities make educational and promotion media one of the most important means of transferring information, knowledge, and skills to rural people.
Materials and Methods
This research, using the survey and documentation method, try to investigate the participation of residents of watersheds in West Azerbaijan province (Takab, and Shahindej) in watershed management projects and identify the most important influencing factors. The samples were selected using stratified random sampling and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by agricultural extension and education experts and watershed experts, and its reliability was estimated to be 82% using Cronbach's alpha.
Results and Discussion
 Multivariate regression analysis with the combined method showed that income, education, and the amount of media use are the most important influencing factors in public participation. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the influence of the media and the active participation of the village people in watershed projects.
Conclusion and Suggestions
Therefore we conclude that, the use of educated rural youth to produce, publish or use the media can significantly contribute to increasing the participation of villagers in watershed management projects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Effective factors
  • Influencing factors
  • Media
  • Participation
  • Watershed projects
  • West Azerbaijan
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