منشأیابی مکان‌های مستعد فرسایش بادی و گردوغبار با شبیه‌ساز‌ USEPA در منطقه ی دلازیان، شهرستان سمنان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد تهران

چکیده

فرسایش بادی و گردوغبار ناشی از آن از مهم­ترین چالش­ها در بسیاری از سرزمین‌های جهان از جمله ایران است. شناسایی منشأ تشکیل گردوغبار اولین مرحله برای مهار این پدیده است. برای منشأیابی فرسایش بادی و گردوغبار روش‌های پرشماری از جمله سنجش‌ازدور، تجزیه‌ی فیزیکی و شیمیایی، و شبیه‌ساز‌های تجربی هست. هدف از این پژوهش منشأیابی گردوغبار در استان سمنان با شبیه‌ساز‌ سازمان حفاظت محیط‌زیست آمریکا است. برای شبیه‌سازی با این روش در سال 1397 50 مکان در منطقه­ ی دلازیان در استان سمنان شناسایی و به روش تصادفی نمونه‌برداری شد. آزمون‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی انجام شد. شاخص‌های اقلیمی اندازه‌ی بارندگی، تبخیروتعرق، سرعت باد، دما، و رطوبت برای دوره­ ی 9 ساله از سازمان هواشناسی کل کشور گرفته‌شد. با کاربرد شاخص‌های اقلیمی و ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک در شبیه‌ساز‌های مختلف، اندازه‌ی فرسایش Q، Q30 و Q50 جداگانه محاسبه شد. نقشه‌ی ویژگی‌های اقلیمی، بافت، و اندازه‌ی فرسایش خاک با روش‌های زمین‌آماری و درون‌یابی RBF و IDW ترسیم شد. تنها اندازه‌های لای، Q30 و Q50 در شرایط بهنجار بود، و بنابراین به روش‌های زمین‌آماری درون‌یابی شد. بعد از تلفیق نقشه‌ها، مکان‌های بحرانی و خیلی‌بحرانی مستعد گردوغبار به‌دست آمد. نتیجه نشان داد که منطقه از دیدگاه شاخص خشکی (19/02)، بارندگی (127/96 میلی‌متر)، و پستی‌بلندی (دشت) در وضعیت خیلی‌بحرانی، و از دیدگاه بافت خاک (میانگین بیش از 50% شن و کم­تر از 30% لای) در وضعیت بحرانی بود. منطقه­ ی دلازیان با اندازه‌ی فرسایش بادی (Q) بین kg/ha/yr 55-9 در وضعیت هشدار، و با روزهای گردوغباری با میانگین 2 روز در سال، با میانگین سرعت باد m/s 1/98 در وضعیت عادی بود. نتیجه‌های کلی نشان داد که اگرچه برخی از شاخص‌ها بحرانی و خیلی‌بحرانی بود، منطقه­ از دیدگاه منشأ گردوغبار در تراز عادی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Application of USEPA Model for Identification of Dust Sources in the Delazan District, Semnan County

نویسندگان [English]

  • Davood Namdar Khojasteh 1
  • Esmail Moradi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Iran
2 Graduated M.Sc. of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Iran
چکیده [English]

W




ind erosion and dust generation is a great challenge worldwide, especially in Iran. Identification of the dust source is the first step in mitigating this occurrence. There are various approaches to detect wind erosion and dust sources including remote sensing, physical and chemical analyses, experimental models. The purpose of this study was to use the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) model to identify sources of dust in the Semnan Municipality. Samples were collected randomly from 50 study points in the Municipality of Semnan (2018), and physical and chemical experiments were performed on the samples. Climate indicators, namely: rainfall, evapotranspiration and wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity for a period of 9 years were also been collected from the Meteorological Organization of Iran. The dust emission rates of Q, Q30, and Q50 were measured separately using climatic parameters and physical characteristics of the soils in different models. Geostatistic and interpolation techniques, including RBF and IDW, were also used to plot the map of climatic parameters, texture, and dust emission rates. According to the statistical tests, only the values of silt, Q30 and Q50 were normal; therefore, an interpolation of these indicators was performed using the geostatistical methods. The critical and supercritical points of sources of dust were then determined after the maps were combined. The findings indicated that the study area was super-critical in drought (19.02), rainfall (177.96 mm), and region topography (plain) indicators, and in a critical condition for soil texture with an average of more than 50 percent sand and less than 30 percent silt. The dust emission rate (Q) ranged from 9-55 kg/ha.y pointed into the warning condition for, the regional average of dusty days (2 days/y). However, the days with a wind speed of 1.98 m/s were considered as a normal condition. In a nutshell, the results indicated that the study area was not a dust source, despite the critical and supercritical conditions for some of the indicators.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate
  • critical condition
  • physical properties
  • wind erosion

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 آذر 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 02 دی 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 اسفند 1399

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