اثر کاربری زمین بر رواناب و رسوب تولیدی در شیب و شدت‌های مختلف باران با استفاده از دستگاه شبیه‌ساز باران در حوضه‌ی آبخیز خانقاه سرخ

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد آبخیزداری دانشگاه ارومیه

2 استادیار دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی دانشگاه ارومیه

3 کارشناس‌ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

آب و خاک از مهم‌ترین منابع طبیعی هر کشور است. فرسایش خاک خطری برای رفاه انسان و حتی حیات او دانسته می‌شود. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی نقش کاربری زمین بر رواناب و رسوب تولیدی، در حوضه‌ی آبخیز خانقاه سرخ شهرستان ارومیه انجام شد. از روی نقشه‌ی DEM منطقه، و با درنظرگرفتن شرایط استقرار دستگاه شبیه‌ساز باران، دو شیب 0 تا 13 و 13 تا 25%  انتخاب شدند. با بررسی منحنی شدت- مدت- فراوانی منطقه، دو شدت بارندگی 40 و 50 میلی‌متردرساعت، که به‌ترتیب مربوط به دوره‌های بازگشت 50 و 100 ساله اند انتخاب شدند، سپس به‌صورت تصادفی در قسمت‌های مختلف حوضه در دو کاربری مرتعی و کشاورزی، به‌مدت 15 دقیقه در هر آزمایش شبیه‌سازی باران انجام شد. نتایج طرح فاکتوریل بین طبقات مختلف شیب و شدت بارندگی نشان دادند که از نظر تولید رواناب در کاربری مرتعی اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود ندارد، اما اختلاف در تولید رسوب در کاربری مرتعی معنی‌دار است. بین طبقات مختلف شیب و شدت بارندگی در تولید رواناب در کاربری کشاورزی اختلاف معنی‌دار است، اما اختلاف در تولید رسوب معنی‌دار نیست. اثر متقابل شیب و شدت بارندگی درباره‌ی هیچ‌کدام از سنجه‌ها در دو کاربری تفاوت معنی‌داری را در تراز اطمینان 5% نشان نداد. نتایج نشان دادند که حجم رواناب و رسوب تولیدی در کاربری کشاورزی بیشتر از مرتعی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Erodability Assessment of a Cropland and a Grassland on the Khangah Sorkh Watershed, Urumiah Using a Rainfall Simulator

نویسندگان [English]

  • Faezeh Payki 1
  • Habib Nazarnejad 2
  • Ghasem Hamdami 3
1 Master's degree in Watershed Management, Urmia University
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University
3 Master's degree in Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

Water and soil are the most important natural resources of every country. As soil is a vital resource for food production and environmental regulation, its deterioration affects the human wellbeing. This research was carried out with the aim of assessing the effect of land use on runoff and sediment production in the Khangah Sorkh Watershed in Urmia. Two slopes of 13 – 0 and 25 – 13 percentage gradient were selected from the DEM map of the region considering the requirements for the setting of rainfall simulator. Also, by investigating the intensity-duration-frequency of the rainfall of the region, two intensities of 40 and 50 mm/h were selected, corresponding to the return periods of 50 and 100 years, respectively. Two cropped fields and two grass-covered rangeland were selected randomly and the rainfall simulation was conducted on each of them for 15 minutes per experiment using the factorial design. The results showed that there was no significant difference in runoff production in the grassland, but there was a significant difference in its sediment production. There was a significant difference between the different levels of slope gradient and the rainfall intensity in the runoff production in the cropland, but there was no significant difference in the sediment production. There was no interaction between the rainfall intensity and slope gradient in either of the land use systems at the 5% confidence level. However, both the volume of the runoff and the rate of erosion were higher for the cropland.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • actorial design
  • Khanghah Sorkh Watershed
  • land use
  • rainfall simulator
  • sediment production

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 31 اردیبهشت 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 21 مرداد 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 آبان 1397

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