ارزیابی توان رسوب زایی سازندهای آبخیز خانقاه سرخ ارومیه با شبیه ساز باران

علیزاده, ظاهر; محمودزاده, احمد; نظرنژاد, حبیب

doi:10.22092/wmej.2018.122109.1123

ارزیابی توان رسوب زایی سازندهای آبخیز خانقاه سرخ ارومیه با شبیه ساز باران

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ کارشناسی‌ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشگاه ارومیه

² دانشیار بازنشسته‌ی دانشگاه ارومیه

³ استادیار دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی دانشگاه ارومیه

10.22092/wmej.2018.122109.1123

چکیده

فرسایش یکی از عمده‌ترین عامل‌های اتلاف آب و خاک است. دلیل اصلی ناموفقیت در مهارکردن فرسایش ممکن است کم‌بودن آگاهی از این پدیده و شناخت آن باشد. ارزش خاک فراوان است و جابه‌جاشدن اجزای تشکیل‌دهنده‌ی آن مشکل‌های بعدی درپی‌دارد، بنابراین معضل فرسایش باید ریشه‌یابی و مهار شود. لازم است که حساسیت سازندها به فرسایش مشخص کرده شود تا بتوان به‌وسیله‌ی آن فرسایش‌‌پذیری سازندهای مختلف را مشخص کرد. در این پژوهش توان رسوب‌زایی سازندهای حوزه‌ی خانقاه سرخ ارومیه را با دستگاه شبیه‌ساز باران مدل BSTF بررسی شد. در هریک از سازندها رسوب خاک در دو شدت بارندگی 40 و 50 میلی‌متر بر ساعت و در دو شیب 13-0 و 25-13% اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین میزان رسوب به‌ترتیب در سازند OM^L (آهکی ریفی معادل قم) (107/4گرم) و سازند CM (آمیزه‌ی تکتونیکی) (4 گرم) ایجاد شده است. سازند OM^L به‌دلیل به‌همراه داشتن لایه‌ی آهک‌رسی که مقاومت متوسط تا ضعیفی در مقابل فرسایش دارد، باعث تولید بیش‌ترین رسوب شده است، و کم‌ترین رسوب در سازند CM است که مقاومت بسیار زیادی در مقابل فرسایش دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Erodibility of Formations in the Khangah-Sorkh Watershed (Urmia) Using a Rain Simulator

نویسندگان [English]

Zaher Alizadeh ¹
Ahmad Mahmoodzadeh ²
Habib Nazarnejad ³

¹ Master's degree in Watershed Management, Urmia University

² Retired Associated Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University

³ Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Urmia University

چکیده [English]

Erosion is one of the major causes of waste of water and soil. Perhaps the main reason for failure to control erosion is the weakness of knowledge and recognition of this phenomenon. Due to the great value of soil and the subsequent problems arising from the movement of its constituents, the erosion problem must be understood and controlled. Therefore, one needs to determine the susceptibility of geologic formations to erosion, in order to determine its mitigation. This research has been carried out in order to investigate the erodibility potential of the Khanghah-Sorkh (Urmia) watershed using the BSTF rainfall simulator. The simulation was performed at two intensities of 40 and 50 mm/hr on two slopes of 0-13 and 13-25% on each geologic formation. The results showed that the highest and lowest sediments were collected from OM^L (the calcic-reefy of Qom) (107.4 g) and the CM Formation (tectonic mix) (4 g). Thus, the OM^L formation which contains marl layers, is more susceptible to erosion and produce a larger amount of sediment relative to that of the CM formation which highly resistant to erosion. Therefore, it yields a larger amount of sediment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Sediment
geological formation
rainfall simulator
erosion

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