اثر حفاظتی کاه‌ و کلش کلزا (.Brassica napus L) بر مهارکردن روان‌آب و هدررفتن خاک با استفاده از شبیه‌سازی باران

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 استادیار گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

4 دانشیار گروه مهندسی مرتع‌داری، دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

فرسایش خاک مشکلی جهانی است که به­طور جدی منابع آب و خاک را تهدید می‌کند. این پژوهش برای بررسی اثر پوشش حفاظتی کاه‌وکلش کلزا بر تغییرات روان‌آب و رسوب در مقیاس کرت­های آزمایشگاهی با استفاده از شبیه­ساز باران انجام شد. سه سطح پوشش حفاظتی 25، 50 و 75 % خاک‌پوش‏ و یک تیمار شاهد (بی‌پوشش حفاظتی) با سه تراز رطوبت 15، 20 و 30 %، در سه تکرار انتخاب شد. نتایج نشان داد که اعمال تیمار حفاظتی کاه‌وکلش کلزا تاثیر معنی‌داری بر کاهش روان‌آب و رسوب داشته ­است. مشخص شد که در تمام ترازهای رطوبت در هر سه سطح پوشش حفاظتی، حجم روان‌آب به ­ترتیب 13/144 و 26/29 و31/52 %، و رسوب به­ترتیب 41/21 و 72/4 و 78/78 % کاهش یافته است. این روند کاهشی با افزایش پوشش حفاظتی از بی‌پوشش به پوشش­های وسیع‌‌تر بیش­تر بود، به‌طوری­که کم­ترین اندازه‌ی روان‌آب (1821 میلی­لیتر) و رسوب تولیدشده (58 گرم) در پوشش حفاظتی 75% با رطوبت 15 %، و بیش­ترین اندازه‌ی تولیدشده در تیمار بی‌پوشش حفاظتی (شاهد) در تراز رطوبت 30% (5501 میلی­لیتر و 522 گرم) بود. با افزایش تراز رطوبت، اندازه‌ی روان‌آب و رسوب تولیدشده افزایش یافت. علاوه‌برآن، در همین ترازهای رطوبت، پس از اعمال پوشش حفاظتی تولید روان‌آب و رسوب کم‌تر شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Protective Impact of Colza Straw (Brassica napus L.) on Runoff and Soil Loss Control Using Rainfall Simulation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahin Kale hoei 1
  • Ataollah Kavian 2
  • Leila Gholami 3
  • Zeinab Jafarian 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Watershed Management Sciences and Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Range Management, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil erosion is a global problem that seriously threatens soil and water resources. This research was conducted to study the effect of protection of colza straw on runoff and sediment yield from the laboratory plots using the rainfall simulator. Three coverage of 25, 50 and 75% of colza straw mulches and a control treatment (without coverage) were considered with three moisture levels of 15, 20 and 30% in three replications. The results showed that colza straw had a significant effect on runoff and sediment reduction. All moisture levels in three protective coverage levels decreased runoff volume by13.14, 26.29 and 31.52%, respectively, and sediment yield by 41.21, 72.4 and 78.78%, respectively. With increasing of protection coverages from no cover to the higher coverages, the trend of runoff and sediment yield decreased, so that the lowest amount of runoff (1821 ml) and sediment yield (58 g) were measured in the protective coverage of 75% with the moisture of 15%. The highest amount of runoff (5501 ml) and sediment yield (522 g) were observed in the control treatment at a moisture level of 30%. With increasing the moisture levels from the amount of runoff and sediment yield increased. Moreover, by applying the protective cover, runoff and sediment yield decreased at the same moisture levels.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • laboratory plots
  • moisture levels
  • rainfall duration
  • rainfall intensity
  • soil erosion
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