Editor's note
Seyed Ahangh
Kowsar
Emeritus Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
author
text
article
2017
per
Watershed Management Research Journal
Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
2981-2313
30
v.
4
no.
2017
2
2
https://wmrj.areeo.ac.ir/article_117081_808f9eea07cd3bf97340ee804aafa42b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/wmej.2018.117081
Groundwater Over- Exploitation in the Hashtbandi Plain the Province of Hormozgan its Consequences
Hamid
Moslemi
M.Sc. of Natural Resources Engineering- Watershed Management, Islamic Azad University Branch Sirjan, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The Hashtbandi Plain the Province of Hormozgan, is an arid and semiarid region. This plain is one of the major poles of agricultural products of the country. Which is dependent on the ground water resources. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quantity and quality of groundwater, identify and evaluate the consequences of indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater resources, and provide useful solutions in facing this problem Meteorological, hydrological, hydrogeological, and geographical data were collected and analyzed. Typical maps of groundwater chemical quality and iso-depth were prepared using the Surfer software. The drawdown of water level, reduction of storage volume and groundwater salinity changes were calculated in different areas of the plain. Qualitative and quantitative changes of groundwater aquifer are predicted for the next 10 years, using data from the past few years, assuming that the current trends of recharge and discharge of the aquifer is sustained. According to our calculations, the groundwater level has been consistently decreasing during the past years. The groundwater level has dropped 5.64 meters over a period of 11 years (2003–2014), with an annual average of 0.5 meter. The annual discharge of groundwater through wells is 40.09 Mm3, while the annual recharge was 38.89 Mm3, and therefore reduction of the storage volume has been 1.2 Mm3, per year. Results of this study showed that excessive exploitation of groundwater resources, followed by a series of problems such as changes in groundwater quality, increasing vulnerability to drought, land subsidence, change in the ecosystems and drying of fruit orchards. If the exploitation of groundwater resources continue at the current level in the study area, it is predicted that the groundwater levels will drop more than 8.4 meters over the next 10 years on average (until 2024). The amount of drop in groundwater level will reach more than 12 meters in the central part of plain, and this can cause social and economic and environmental crises in the region. Control of groundwater withdrawal, water pricing in agriculture, providing an optimal pattern with the soil and climatic conditions in the region, express problems and raise the level of knowledge of the beneficiaries are some of the management strategies, which have to be implemented if the water crisis is to be prevented.
Watershed Management Research Journal
Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
2981-2313
30
v.
4
no.
2017
3
19
https://wmrj.areeo.ac.ir/article_117082_2d296b4c15eb59d0fda848d071ccb95e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/wmej.2018.117082
Land-Subsidence Spatial Modeling Using Generalized Additive Model Data Mining Technique
Hamid Reza
Pourghasemi
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
author
Mohsen
Mohseni Saravi
Retired Professor, College of Natural Resources, Tehran University
author
text
article
2017
per
Land-subsidence phenomenon is one of the geomorphologic hazards known in arid and semi-arid areas in recent years. The main objective of the present study is to provide a land-subsidence spatial modeling and its assessment using the generalized additive model data mining technique in Jiroft Plain, Kerman Province. Land-subsidence inventory map was prepared for the study area using extensive field surveys. Evidential Belief Function was used to investigate relationships between land-subsidence and 10 effective factors including slope percentage, aspect, elevation, lithological units, distance from river, piezometric wells data, land use, plan curvature, topographic wetness index, and distance from fault, and the weight of each factor class was determined. Results of the relationships between land-subsidence and effective factors indicated that most of the subsidences of the region are occurred in low slopes (0-2%), flat and smooth aspects, small distance from a river (>50m), large distance from a fault (>4000 m), also in the third group lithological units (rhythetic dyke and rhyodity and dark green tuff), shrubbery land use type, convex slopes with high topographic wetness index (>12), and receding in groundwater level. A land-subsidence susceptibility zonation map was created using the GAM in statistical R statistical software for the study area. Results of validation of generalized additive model evaluation using 30% of unused points in the modeling process, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) showed that the land-subsidence susceptibility map prepared by Generalized Additive Model had a high accuracy (81.20%). Therefore, the map might be helpful for optimizing management of water resources and preventing the re-occurrence of this phenomenon in the area. Results of ranking effective factors from the generalized additive model showed that elevation, land use, and aspect were in the highest orders in land-subsidence occurrences.
Watershed Management Research Journal
Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
2981-2313
30
v.
4
no.
2017
20
34
https://wmrj.areeo.ac.ir/article_117083_a3d1704572f00c17f0584101ceec6c55.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/wmej.2018.117083
Effect of Land Use Change on Runoff yield Using WetSpa Model in the Firoozkooh Watershed Basin
Maryam
Abaszade
Graduate (M.Sc.) Student, Desert Studies College, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
Mohammad Reza
Yazdani
Associate Professor, Desert Studies College, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
Ali Asghar
Zolfaghari
Assistant Professor, Desert Studies College, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
Majid
Mohammady
Assistant Professor, Natural Resources College, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
Ahmad
Sadeghipour
Assistant Professor, Desert Studies College, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The main objective of this research is investigating the effects of land use change on hydrological conditions in the Firoozkouh Watershed. Land use maps for the years 2000 and 2014 were prepared through a synthetic method using the Landsat 5 and 7 satellite imagery. Runoff simulation was carried out on a daily basis for 8 years (5 years for calibration and 3 years for validation) using the WetSpa model for land use in 2000 and 2014. Land use change showed that conversion of rangeland to farm fields and residential areas is the main change of land utilization in the Firoozkooh Watershed. Results showed that total runoff, surface runoff and peak discharge had increased following land use changes from 2000 to 2014. The total runoff in 2000 was 1480.22 m3h-1, and for the year 2014 it was 15350 m3h-1. Results showed that parts of the rangeland in the Firoozkooh Watershed, which had been converted to farmfields become agricultural and residential area during the past years had increased changed the runoff volume as well as peak discharge.
Watershed Management Research Journal
Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
2981-2313
30
v.
4
no.
2017
35
46
https://wmrj.areeo.ac.ir/article_117084_c923734f28cfc85e044da8cf33353741.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/wmej.2018.117084
Comparison of Two Nonparametric Models, K- nearest neighbor and M5 Decision Tree in Forecasting the River Discharge in the Karaj Catchment
Safora
Arab
M.Sc. Water Engineering Department, University of Birjand
author
Abbas
Khashei-Siuki
Associate Professor, Water Engineering Department, University of Birjand
author
Mohsen
Pourreza-Bilondi
Assistant Professor, Water Engineering Department, University of Birjand
author
Seyed Reza
Hashemi
Assistant Professor, Water Engineering Department, University of Birjand
author
text
article
2017
per
The importance of water resources planning and management, the fast growing population, and the limited surface water resources, have made the application of the new technology to forecasting of river flow. A necessity, various methods have been presented in recent years to forecast the river flow, and the data-based models are considered the most reliable for this purpose. The river flow in the Karaj Catchment has been simulated using the data based models (KNN and M5). Hydroclimatological data (discharge, precipitation, temperature and evaporation) for the 2002 to 2009 duration have been collected to carry out the simulation processes. The performance and accuracy of the models were examined and compared. The Gamma test was used to select appropriate compositions. Suitable compositions were determined as the model inputs (KNN and M5). These features were entered in to the two data-based models. Results showed that both models simulated reliable flow predictions, if the discharge had been entered as an input. The M5 model showed a better precision as compared with the KNN model. The Coefficient of determination (R2) for the KNN and M5 models were 0.97 and 0.93, respectively. The RMSE were 0.55 and 0.87, for the same two models, respectively, and the value of the KGE were 0.99, 0.96, respectively.
Watershed Management Research Journal
Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
2981-2313
30
v.
4
no.
2017
47
58
https://wmrj.areeo.ac.ir/article_117085_2498f2d9fbc8e2cff2d40c125d0c4f60.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/wmej.2018.117085
Estimating the Subjective Value of Decreasing the Environmental Pollution of the Beshar River, Yasuj
Enayatallah
Najibzadeh
Assistant professor, Economy department, Payam Noor University
author
Hassan
Yeganeh
Assistant Professor, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Gorgan, Iran
author
Esfandiar
Jahantab
Assistant professor, Department of range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agricultural sciences, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran
author
Rezvan
Karami Borzabad
Assistant professor, agriculture department, Payam Noor University
author
Essa
Asadi
Research Division of Agriculture economic, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Yasooj, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Economic valuation of natural resources and patterns of payments for ecosystem services may help reduce environmental degradation and its consequences. The aim of this research was to estimate the value of decreasing environmental pollution in the Beshar River using conditional valuation method. The Logistic regression model was used to measure the willingness to pay of the individuals. The model's parameters were estimated based on the maximum likelihood method. The number of individuals who had been selected randomly in the city of yasuj and filled the questionnaires was 388. Results showed that 229 individuals (about 60.7%) were willingness to pay a fee to reduce the environmental pollution of the river. Also, the results of estimating Logit model indicated that the coefficient of variables of financial ability, being well-informed about the items in the questionnaire, gender, household income, the recreational activities in the river, and bid were significant at the 0.05 level, the responsibility variable was significant at the 0.01 level. The willingness to pay of each household for reducing the environmental pollution of the river according to the Logit model was 61819 Rls per month, and the monthly value of the pollution reduction in the Beshar River was estimated at 2493.16 million Rls.
Watershed Management Research Journal
Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
2981-2313
30
v.
4
no.
2017
59
71
https://wmrj.areeo.ac.ir/article_117086_65b2394de6ad148f08a462cca78da5bd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/wmej.2018.117086
Determination of the Most Appropriate Statistical Method for the Suspended Load Estimation in the Sistan River
Naser
Rahimi
M.Sc. Student, Department of Water Eng., University of Zabol
author
Farzad
Hassanpour
Associate Professor, Department of Water Eng., University of Zabol
author
Salman
Sharifazari
Lecturer, Department of Water Eng., University of Zabol
author
text
article
2017
per
Sedimentation on the rivers beds causes many difficulties not only for an orderly and sustainable flow of water, but also by altering the rivers' hydraulics, which in certain cases drastically changes the flow direction by opening new channels that inundate farm fields, municipalities and infrastructures. As various models developed for the suspended load (SL) estimation are often site specific, therefore, it is prudent to test and calibrate them for the intended river. As the Hirmand River is the lifeblood of Sistan, therefore, the 70 km terminal reach, the Sistan River, was selected for this project. The monthly and seasonally discharge of the river and its SL contents for the period 1970–2015 were analyzed statistically using six models, namely: linear, double-linear, mean value, FAO, parametric factor and non-linear. As the determination of the break point is very important in the application of the double linear method, the genetic optimization algorithm was used in this process.Two criteria for choosing the correct method for estimation of the SL were used: relative mean error and root mean square error. It is concluded that the double linear method proposed in this research gives the best result in all forms without any delineation, seasonal and monthly classification with the relative mean error of 154.46, 142.7 and 116.15, respectively. Monthly classification of data increased accuracy and reduced the root mean square error in the Sistan River.
Watershed Management Research Journal
Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
2981-2313
30
v.
4
no.
2017
72
82
https://wmrj.areeo.ac.ir/article_117087_a5da12881750ad397c1be5e90774c5bf.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/wmej.2018.117087
Effectiveness of Biological Mulch Types on Sand Dune Stabilization
Masume
Sabzi
Ph.D. Student., Dept. of Watershed Management and Desert Regions Management, Faculty of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Agriculture and Natural Resource, University of Gorgan, Iran
author
Hamid Reza
Asgari
Associate Prof., Dept. of Watershed Management and Desert Regions Management, Faculty of Range land and Watershed Management, Agriculture and Natural Resource University of Gorgan, Iran
author
Seyed Fakhreddin
Afzali
Assistant Prof., Dept. of Natural Resourse & Enviormental Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Wind erosion is considered a major global environmental problem. Sands torms cause serious damages to municipal, industrial and agricultural areas. Mulch is one of the most common materials for soil stabilization, which mitigates wind erosion and dust formation. In this research different combinations of organic (waste press mud, beet vinasse dunder andcompost) were used in combination with clay as a stabilizer. Sandy soil from the Dejgah plain, the Provice of Fars, was used as the erodible material. Experiments were carried out in a completely randomized desing (CRD) with 14 treatments (organic mulch type). The mulches were sprinkled on plots of 50×30×1 cm sand. The thickness and mechanical properties of the mulched layear, namely the: shear strength, penetration resistance, and wind erodibility of the treatments were measured. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the effects of mulch type on thickness, penetration resistance, and shear strength of surface soil were highly significant (p<0.05). Based on comparison of means with the Duncan's multiple range test, the M1 treatment with 25g compost+100g vinasse+100g clay had the highest thickness, penetration resistance, shear strength and the lowest amount of wind erodibility. Due to the biodegradability and economic justification (lower operating cost than petroleum and polymeric mulches), the organic mulch was recognized as the best combination for stabilizing sandy soils.
Watershed Management Research Journal
Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
2981-2313
30
v.
4
no.
2017
83
93
https://wmrj.areeo.ac.ir/article_117088_f6065b7c575752d5ffc7a42b3041a03f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/wmej.2018.117088